Every generation has its own set of iconic cartoons. For children of the 1990s, it was Rugrats. For those in the early 2000s, SpongeBob SquarePants became a household name. One thing remains constant—many of the most widely recognised cartoons are in English.
This trend caught the attention of Dr. Phawani Vijayaratnam, a senior lecturer at INTI International University, and her team of researchers. Their study examines the effects of English-language cartoons on preschoolers in Dhaka, Bangladesh. The findings are also relevant to Malaysian families, as children in both countries gravitate toward shows like Tom and Jerry, Cocomelon, and Masha and the Bear.
Dr. Phawani Vijayaratnam, senior lecturer at the Faculty of Education and Liberal Arts, INTI International University, emphasised that parents, as content providers, should be mindful of what they expose their children to.
“Cartoons are a big part of childhood, and they play a crucial role in shaping behaviour,” said Dr. Phawani.
One of the key benefits highlighted in the study is language development. Repeated exposure to English dialogue helps preschoolers expand their vocabulary, improve comprehension, and develop better articulation. Since many international and private schools use English as the primary medium of instruction, early familiarity with the language provides children with an academic advantage.
Cartoons also contribute to cognitive development. Many shows introduce real-life situations in a simplified way, helping children understand emotions, problem-solving, and relationships. Some, like Dora the Explorer, encourage interactive learning by prompting viewers to respond and reinforcing language and critical thinking skills.
However, the study also raises concerns. Some cartoons contain violent scenes, exaggerated stereotypes, and themes that may not be suitable for young audiences. Since preschoolers are still developing critical thinking skills, they may struggle to distinguish between fiction and reality.
Dr. Phawani and her team found that repeated exposure to aggressive behaviours in cartoons can influence how children interact with others. They may imitate what they see, develop bullying tendencies, or become desensitised to violence. Because animated storylines often lack real-world consequences, harmful actions may seem normal, affecting how children perceive right and wrong.
Another concern is the risk of cultural detachment. Young children absorb language and social norms quickly, and excessive exposure to English cartoons may weaken their connection to their mother tongue. Over time, this could make it harder for them to communicate in their native language, affecting interactions with family and limiting their understanding of local traditions.
The study also notes that many English-language cartoons reflect Western lifestyles and values. While exposure to diverse cultures can be beneficial, an over-reliance on foreign content without a balance of local media may cause children to disconnect from their own heritage.
Given these findings, parental supervision is essential. The study emphasises that cartoons can be a valuable learning tool but should not replace other developmental activities. “Screen time must be balanced with outdoor activities for preschoolers’ overall well-being,” the study notes.
Parents play a key role in selecting content that promotes positive values, education, and critical thinking. They are encouraged to engage with their children’s viewing habits, discuss what they watch, and set appropriate screen time limits. This helps children develop media awareness while ensuring their entertainment choices support learning and cultural identity.
Setting appropriate screen time limits and diversifying learning resources can enhance language acquisition while reducing the risk of negative behavioural influences on young minds.
English cartoons have the potential to enhance language skills, broaden knowledge, and entertain young minds. However, as this research highlights, their impact depends on how they are consumed. While these shows offer educational benefits, unregulated viewing may lead to behavioural concerns and cultural disengagement.
Finding the right balance—where entertainment complements education while maintaining cultural identity—allows children to benefit from the best of both worlds. Parents can help children develop linguistic proficiency by fostering mindful media consumption while keeping them connected to their heritage and values.